What is Federated Search SharePoint2013?

Usually we used the word Federated search – When we are going the content outside the SharePoint Environment and which is not crawl in our SharePoint Farm.
 For example, federation can provide search results from a web-search provider such as Bing, or perhaps from a private data set that you do not have access to crawl.
Another meaning of Federation:-
Federation can also be a good solution for a geographically distributed organization that wants to provide search access to content at its various locations when each location has its own search index. Because each location provides search results from its own index, it is not necessary to deploy a centralized search service that builds and accesses a single, unified index.

 In this context, federation can provide advantages such as the following:
  • Low bandwidth requirements ─ An organization that is geographically dispersed might not have the high network bandwidth that is required to crawl and index large amounts of remote content. When an organization uses federation, the main data that is transmitted for search across the wide-area network is only a set of search results from each federated content repository.
  • Freshness of search results ─ Each division within an organization can crawl the local content more quickly than a centralized search deployment would be able to crawl all of the content in the entire organization.
  • Divisional search variability ─ When an organization uses federation, each division within the organization can provide and control its own search environment. Each division can tailor search to its own requirements and preferences, with its own user experience and its own search connectors, for example. A centralized search portal would not allow for such differences.
  • Limited size of search indexes ─ A large, geographically distributed organization might have millions of documents. It might not be practical for the organization to have a single, unified search index because of the infrastructure that would be required to support such a large index. Federation enables users in each division to perform a single search to find relevant content that is distributed across multiple smaller search indexes in the organization.


Comparing Federated Search to Content Crawling in Enterprise Search

To help you decide whether to crawl a repository's content directly or by using federated search, you should consider the differences between the two approaches. You must determine which is most appropriate based on the content repository, and your requirements for the search results you want to return. There are advantages to both approaches.



Advantages of crawling content with SharePoint Enterprise Search
By querying the Search service application's content index for search results, you can do the following:
·         Sort results by relevance.
·         Control how frequently the content index is updated.
·         Specify what metadata is crawled.
·         Perform a single backup operation for crawled content.
Advantages of federating content with SharePoint Enterprise Search
By using federated search to return search results:
·         You require no additional capacity requirements for the content index, as content is not crawled by SharePoint Enterprise Search.
·         You can take advantage of a repository’s existing search engine. For example, you can federate to an Internet search engine to search the Web.
·         You can optimize the content repository's search engine for the repository's specific set of content, which might provide better search performance on the content set.
·         You can access repositories that are secured against crawls, but which can be accessed by search queries.


You select this protocol
To get federated search results from this kind of provider
Remote SharePoint
The index of a search service in another SharePoint farm
OpenSearch 1.0/1.1
An external search engine or feed that uses the OpenSearch protocol, such as Bing
Exchange
Exchange Server 2013



Code Sample to Federated Search SQL Server Connector

Added Federated Search (i.e. Bing Search in to SharePoint Search)



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